2010
Letnik 12 • Volume 12

Abstract Photosynthetic pigments have proved to be useful biomarkers of the abundance, composition and physiological status of the phytoplankton biomass in the marine environment. Using HPLC pigment analysis, we determined phytoplankton community structure in three different marine environments: in the area of a fish farm, in the area of sewage outlets, and in the mucilaginous aggregates. At the reference site we observed seasonal changes with prevalence of fucoxanthin-containing phytoplankton (i.e. diatoms) during winter/spring and autumn. In the fish farm area the concentration of chlorophyll a degradation products was higher, whereas in the locally enriched environment of sewage outlets we observed only small changes in taxonomic composition and phytoplankton biomass. The impact of season is more expressed than the impact of sewage discharge. With the use of HPLC pigment analysis we determined the development of phytoplankton community in different stages of mucilage aggregates. Phytoplankton biomass was composed primarily of diatoms, and as the aggregates aged, diatoms increased in the relative biomass. Our examples have proven the usefulness and suitability of HPLC pigment analysis in marine ecology studies.

Key words: pigments, HPLC, phytoplankton, Adriatic Sea, mucilage, fish farm, sewage outlets

Izvleček. Fotosintezna barvila so se izkazala kot dobri kazalci abundance, sestave in fiziološkega stanja fitoplanktonske biomase v morskem okolju. Z uporabo HPLC-analize barvil smo določili strukturo fitoplanktonske združbe v treh različnih morskih okoljih: na območju ribogojnic, na območju komunalnih podvodnih izpustov in v sluzastih makroagregatih. Na referenčni postaji smo izmerili sezonske spremembe fitoplanktonske združbe s prevlado fukoksantin-vsebujočega fitoplanktona (t.j. diatomej) v zimsko-spomladanskem in jesenskem obdobju. Na območju ribogojnic smo izmerili višje koncentracije razgradnih produktov klorofila a, na lokalno obogatenem območju komunalnih izpustov pa smo opazili le manjše spremembe v taksonomski sestavi in biomasi fitoplanktona. Vpliv sezone je bolj izražen kakor vpliv podvodnih komunalnih izpustov. Z uporabo HPLC-analize barvil smo določili razvoj fitoplanktonske združbe v posameznih razvojnih stadijih sluzastih makroagregatov. V fitoplanktonski združbi sluzastih makroagregatov so prevladovale diatomeje in njihov delež k relativni biomasi je s starostjo agregatov še naraščal. Navedeni primeri kažejo na uporabnost in primernost HPLC-analize barvil v študijah morske ekologije.

Ključne besede: barvila, HPLC, fitoplankton, Jadransko morje, sluz, ribogojnice, komunalni izpusti

Abstract Based on a historical-nomenclatural study and examination of type material and Italian specimens, Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt. is to be considered a casual alien species for Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Italy. The identity of the species is also discussed.

Key words: Amaranthus L., Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, sterile hybrid

Izvleček. Na osnovi zgodovinsko-nomenklaturne študije ter pregleda tipskega gradiva in italijanskih primerkov je mogoče povzeti, da je Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt. v Furlaniji – Julijski krajini in drugod po Italiji naključna tuja vrsta. Avtor članka razpravlja tudi o identifikaciji vrste.

Ključne besede: Amaranthus L., Furlanija – Julijska krajina, Italija, neplodni hibrid

Abstract. A checklist of the Microlepidoptera species recorded in Slovenia is presented. Each entry is accompanied by complete references, and remarks where appropriate. Until now, the data on Microlepidopteran fauna of Slovenia have not been compiled, with the existing information scattered in literature, museums and private collections throughout Europe. The present checklist is based on records extracted from 290 literature sources published from 1763 (Scopoli) to present. In total, 1645 species from 56 families are listed.

Key words: Microlepidoptera, checklist, Slovenia, fauna

Izvleček. Predstavljen je seznam vrst metuljčkov, zabeleženih v Sloveniji. Za vsako vrsto so podane reference, kjer je bilo smiselno, pa tudi komentar. Do sedaj podatki o metuljčkih Slovenije še niso bili zbrani, obstoječi podatki pa so bili razpršeni v različnih pisnih virih, muzejskih in zasebnih zbirkah po Evropi. Predstavljeni seznam temelji na podatkih iz 290 pisnih virov, objavljenih od 1763 (Scopoli) do danes. Skupaj je navedenih 1645 vrst iz 56 družin.

Ključne besede: Microlepidoptera, seznam vrst, Slovenija, živalstvo

Izvleček. Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti vrstno sestavo in pogostost pojavljanja posameznih vrst fitobentosa v izbranih mrtvicah reke Mure ter s pomočjo indikatorskih vrst fitobentosa ugotoviti kakovost vode. Skupno smo v treh mrtvicah reke Mure identificirali 147 taksonov iz petih razredov alg. Po številu identificiranih taksonov so prevladovale kremenaste alge s 117 (80 %) taksoni, sledile so Chlorophyceae z 11 (7 %), cianobakterije z 10 (7 %), Xanthophyceae s sedmimi (5 %) in Euglenophyceae z dvema (1 %) taksonoma. Številčno najbolj zastopana rodova sta bila Navicula in Nitzschia. V mrtvici Zaton I smo skupno identificirali 37, v mrtvici Zaton II 75 in v mrtvici Mali Bakovci 107 taksonov alg. V izbranih mrtvicah reke Mure smo skupno ugotovili 25 taksonov, ki do sedaj še niso bili znani na območju Slovenije. 19 za Slovenijo novih taksonov pripada razredu kremenastih alg, Borzia curta in Woronichinia robusta razredu cianobakterij, Bumilleria klebsiana in B. spirotaenia razredu Xanthophyceae ter Characium ensiforme in Microspora abbreviata razredu Chlorophycea. V času raziskav je mrtvica Mure Zaton I spadala v II.-III. kakovostni razred, kar pomeni kritično obremenitev vodnega telesa, mrtvici Mure Zaton II in Mali Bakovci pa v II. kakovostni razred, kar pomeni zmerno obremenjeno vodno telo.

Ključne besede: mrtvice, Mura, fitobentos, kakovost vode

Abstract. The purpose of our research was to determine species composition and abundance of phytobenthos in the selected Mura River's oxbows, as well as to determine water quality on the basis of indicator phytobenthos species. Altogether, 147 taxa from five algal classes were determined. According to the number of identified taxa, diatoms with 117 (80 %) taxa prevailed, followed by Chlorophyceae with 11 (7 %), Cyanobacteria with 10 (7 %), Xanthophyceae with seven (5 %) and Euglenophyceae with two (1 %) taxa. The most abundant genera were Navicula and Nitzschia. In the oxbow Zaton I, 37 algal taxa were identified, in the oxbow Zaton II 75, and in the oxbow Mali Bakovci 107. In the selected Mura oxbows, altogether 25 taxa for the first time identified in the territory of Slovenia were determined. 19 taxa new to Slovenia belong to the class of diatoms, Borzia curta and Woronichinia robusta to the class Cyanobacteria, Bumilleria klebsiana and B. spirotaenia to the class Xanthophyceae, Characium ensiforme and Microspora abbreviata to the class Chlorophycea. According to the results of the Saprobic Index, we can classify the Mura oxbows at sampling site Zaton I into II-III quality class, which means a critical load of the water body, and at sampling site Zaton II and Mali Bakovci into II quality class, which means a moderately polluted water body.

Key words: oxbows, Mura River, phytobenthos, water quality

Abstract. Sixteen spider species, new to the Slovenian fauna, have been recorded: Aphantaulax trifasciata, Araneus triguttatus, Arctosa cinerea, Cnephalocotes obscurus, Helophora insignis, Heriaeus hirtus, Nomisia exornata, Nurscia albomaculata, Pardosa agricola, Pardosa prativaga, Pardosa proxima, Philodromus longipalpis, Runcinia grammica, Theridula gonygaster, Xysticus ninnii and Zora armillata. Recent records on presumably extinct endemic species Nesticus idriacus are also provided, as well as suggestion to its transfer to the IUCN category rare (R).

Key words: new records, spiders, Slovenia, faunistics

Izvleček. Prispevek obravnava 16 vrst pajkov, ki doslej v Sloveniji še niso bile najdene, in sicer: Aphantaulax trifasciata, Araneus triguttatus, Arctosa cinerea, Cnephalocotes obscurus, Helophora insignis, Heriaeus hirtus, Nomisia exornata, Nurscia albomaculata, Pardosa agricola, Pardosa prativaga, Pardosa proxima, Philodromus longipalpis, Runcinia grammica, Theridula gonygaster, Xysticus ninnii in Zora armillata. Predstavljeni sta tudi novi najdbi vrste Nesticus idriacus Roewer, 1931, ki je v Sloveniji veljala za izumrlo, in predlog za njeno premestitev v skupino redkih vrst (R) po klasifikaciji ogroženosti IUCN.

Ključne besede: nove najdbe, pajki, Slovenija, favnistika

Abstract. The flight routes from roosts to feeding habitats are important for efficient conservation of bats, but in Slovenia they are poorly known. Emergence and flight routes of the lesser horseshoe bats Rhinolophus hipposideros from the Church of Sveti Duh at Vnanje Gorice, Ljubljansko barje, were monitored on ten different days in August and September 2009. In the beginning of August, 72 lesser horseshoe bats were counted in the attic; the number decreased to 29 in the beginning of September. Individuals of three other bat species were also found in the attic and belfry: the greater mouse eared bats Myotis myotis, serotine bats Eptesicus serotinus and a group of alpine long-eared bats Plecotus macrobullaris. The lesser horseshoe bats emerged only from a single opening in the attic. The first bat flew out on average 16 minutes after the sunset, while the first bat amongst those that did not return to the roost left on average 20 minutes after sunset. The lesser horseshoe bats flew few metres above the ground into the nearby forest Gulč on the northwestern side of the church. We observed flying bats at nine locations in this forest and at three locations on the forest edge, where they probably foraged. Bats flew along a lit road next to houses, close to a major road they had to cross, and next to a railway southwest from the church. The spatial and temporal distribution of observations indicated the flight towards the mixed forest Plešivica, where a lesser horseshoe bat was observed app. 1.7 km bee-line distance SW from the church at Vnanje Gorice. Considering that bats generally follow linear elements in the landscape, and on the basis of our observations at 21 locations and flight behaviour we envisaged the most likely course of their flight route. These data are important for efficient conservation of the lesser horseshoe bats roosting at Vnanje Gorice and maintenance of important landscape elements in the surrounding landscape.

Key words: Rhinolophus hipposideros, emergence, flight routes, Vnanje Gorice, Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia

Izvleček. Letalne poti iz zatočišč do prehranjevalnih habitatov so pomembne za učinkovito varstvo netopirjev, a so v Sloveniji večinoma slabo poznane. V okviru naše študije smo deset dni v avgustu in septembru 2009 spremljali izletavanje in letalne poti malih podkovnjakov Rhinolophus hipposideros iz cerkve Svetega Duha v Vnanjih Goricah na Ljubljanskem barju. V začetku avgusta je porodniška skupina malih podkovnjakov na podstrešju štela 72 osebkov in se do začetka septembra zmanjšala na 29 osebkov. Na podstrehi in v zvoniku so bili najdeni še navadni netopirji Myotis myotis, pozni netopirji Eptesicus serotinus in skupina usnjebradih uhatih netopirjev Plecotus macrobullaris. Mali podkovnjaki so izletavali le iz ene okrogle line na podstrehi. Prvi netopir je v povprečju izletel 16 minut po sončnem zahodu, medtem ko je prvi izmed tistih, ki se niso vrnili v zatočišče, izletel iz line povprečno 20 minut po sončnem zahodu. Mali podkovnjaki so leteli nekaj metrov nad tlemi v gozd Gulč na severozahodni strani cerkve. Prelete malih podkovnjakov smo zabeležili na devetih lokacijah v gozdu Gulč in na treh lokacijah ob gozdnem robu, kjer so se verjetno prehranjevali. Opazovali smo jih med letom ob osvetljeni cesti blizu hiš, blizu večje ceste, ki so jo morali prečkati, in ob železnici jugozahodno od cerkve. Ob upoštevanju časovne in prostorske razporeditve opažanj kaže na let v smeri mešanega gozda Plešivice, kjer smo zaznali prelet malega podkovnjaka približno 1,7 km jugozahodno od cerkve v Vnanjih Goricah. Na osnovi opažanj na 21 lokacijah in smeri leta ter upoštevajoč ugotovitve, da netopirji v splošnem sledijo linearnim elementom v krajini, smo poskušali ugotoviti najverjetnejšo letalno pot malih podkovnjakov. Ti podatki so pomembni za učinkovito varstvo malih podkovnjakov v Vnanjih Goricah in za ohranitev ključnih elementov v okoliški krajini.

Ključne besede: Rhinolophus hipposideros, izletavanje, letalne poti, Vnanje Gorice, Ljubljansko barje, Slovenija

Abstract. After the first confirmed record of L. petropolitana in Croatia on Mt Snježnik, another specimen of this species was caught on the nearby Obruč Mt in May 2010. This record expands its known area of occurrence in Croatia to the northwest and suggests that L. petropolitana could in the future be found on other mountains of Gorski Kotar and in their surrounding areas.

Key words: Lasiommata petropolitana, Obruč, Croatia, distribution

Izvleček. Po prvi potrjeni najdbi vrste Lasiommata petropolitana na Snježniku (Hrvaška) je bil maja leta 2010 blizu Obruča ulovljen nov primerek te vrste. Najdba povečuje poznano razširjenost vrste na Hrvaškem proti severozahodu in nakazuje potencialno prisotnost vrste tudi na ostalih vrhovih Gorskega Kotarja in v njihovi okolici.

Ključne besede: Lasiommata petropolitana, Obruč, Hrvaška, razširjenost