2022
Letnik 24 • Volume 24

Izvleček. Azijski hrošč semenar Megabruchidius dorsalis, ki se razvija v semenih azijskih vrst gledičevk (Gleditsia), je bil v Evropi prvič zabeležen v Italiji leta 1989, v Sloveniji pa prvič v Mariboru leta 2017. Pojavlja se še v 15 drugih evropskih državah. V novem okolju je vrsta preskočila na dva nova gostitelja iz Severne Amerike, trnato gledičevko (Gleditsia triacanthos) in rogovilarja (Gymnoladus dioicus), sicer oba sorodna azijskim vrstam gledičevke. Med našo raziskavo smo nabrali zrele stroke trnate gledičevke in rogovilarja na različnih lokacijah po osrednji in severovzhodni Sloveniji z namenom raziskati razširjenost M. dorsalis zunaj prvih opisanih lokacij v Mariboru. Stroke smo gojili v gojitvenih vrečah pod stalnimi razmerami v laboratoriju. Vrsto M. dorsalis smo potrdili v šestih krajih po Sloveniji. Na 36 lokacijah (97 %) smo našli izhodne luknje na strokih in semenih, značilne za M. dorsalis, žive ali mrtve hrošče pa smo našli na 26 lokacijah (70 %).

Ključne besede: Coleoptera, Bruchinae, trnata gledičevka, Gleditsia triacanthos, rogovilar, Gymnocladus dioicus, tujerodna vrsta

Abstract. The Asian seed beetle Megabruchidius dorsalis, which develops inside the seeds of native Gleditsia species, was first recorded in Europe in Italy in 1989. In Slovenia, it was first recorded in Maribor in 2017. Its presence was confirmed in 15 other European countries. In the new range, the seed beetle switched to two new hosts from North America, the honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and the Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) both related to the Asian Gleditsia species. Mature G. triacanthos and Gy. dioicus seed pods were collected from the ground at locations in the central and the northeastern parts of Slovenia to investigate the presence of M. dorsalis outside the first described locations in Maribor. Seed pods were kept in bags under constant conditions in laboratory. Exit holes of seed pods and seeds typical of M. dorsalis were found at 36 locations (97%), while alive or dead M. dorsalis beetles were recorded at 26 locations (70%).

Key words: Coleoptera, Bruchinae, the honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos, the Kentucky coffeetree, Gymnocladus dioicus, alien species

Abstract. Knowledge on distribution of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Slovenia in the past was very limited, due to the lack of studies of this species. Hunting and persecution reduced the species distribution area and densities. After its legal protection in 1973, the species seems to have increased in population size. A few studies had shown the Eurasian otter repopulating the Alpine region. To confirm the presence of the species in the Slovenian Pre-Alps, we searched for otter scat – spraint, on six tributaries to the Poljanska Sora River of Polhograjsko hribovje, the Pre-Alpine mountains around Polhov Gradec. Otter marking sites were exclusively in the riverbed (100 %), with a great majority found under the bridges (83 %). Using camera traps, we were able to collect video evidence of the otter reproduction and confirm that the species is reproducing in the studied region. Since this area could act as a corridor for the otter's recovery in the Adriatic River basin, it is crucial to continue to monitor its presence and the potential expansion to the west of the country.

Key words: Lutra lutra, recolonisation, alpine streams, marking behaviour, diet

Izvleček. Znanje o pretekli razširjenosti evrazijske vidre (Lutra lutra) v Sloveniji je zaradi pomanjkanja študij pomanjkljivo. Lov in preganjanje živali sta pripomogla k upadu številčnosti osebkov in območja razširjenosti. Z zavarovanjem vrste leta 1973 se je populacija sčasoma ponovno prostorsko in številčno razširila. Nekaj študij tudi nakazuje na ponovno poselitev Alpskega območja. Za potrditev vidre v slovenskem predalpskem prostoru smo iskali iztrebke vider – vidrekov na šestih pritokih Poljanske Sore s Polhograjskega hribovja. Mesta iztrebljanja vidre so bila izključno v strugi potoka (100 %), ki so bili večinoma pod mostovi (83 %). Prek uporabe avtomatskih fotopasti smo zabeležili video dokaze o reprodukciji in s tem potrdili, da razmnoževanje že poteka v predalpskem prostoru. Ker je območje študije koridor do Jadranskega povodja, je to lahko pomembno območje za povezovanje in okrevanje populacije v Jadranskem povodju. Zato je ključno za nadaljnje spremljanje širjenja proti zahodu države.

Ključne besede: Lutra lutra, rekolonizacija, alpski potoki, markiranje, prehrana

Abstract. A naturalized population of Asiatic fern Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. was found in the surroundings of Nova Gorica. It is the first record of the species in the country, although the locality is an expected prolongation of the secondary distribution range with the species' concentration in southern foothills of the Carnic Prealps (N Italy). The locality is characterized by mild temperate submediterranean climate and slightly degraded forest vegetation of the alliance Carpinion orientalis, where the fern occurs in the herb layer. Local occurrence of the fern represents the easternmost point of its secondary distribution range in Northeastern Italy, although this could possibly be connected with the immediate vicinity of the graveyards at the top of the slope.

Key words: biological invasions, invasive alien plant species, naturalization, ferns

Izvleček. V okolici Nove Gorice je bila najdena naturalizirana populacija azijske praproti Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. kar je prvi podatek o uspevanju te vrste v Sloveniji. To nahajališče je hkrati pričakovani podaljšek zgostitve sekundarnega pojavljanja te vrste na južnem vznožju Karnijskih predalp (S Italija). Za nahajališče te vrste je značilno blago zmerno toplo submediteransko podnebje; gozdna združba, v katere podrasti je rastišče, pripada degradiranemu gozdu iz zveze Carpinion orientalis. Pojavljanje te praproti na tem mestu dosega skrajni vzhodni del njenega sekundarnega areala v severovzhodni Italiji, morda pa je povezano tudi z neposredno bližino pokopališča na vrhu pobočja.

Ključne besede: biološke invazije, invazivne tujerodne rastlinske vrste, naturalizacija, praprotnice

Abstract. The article presents an updated checklist of the extant freshwater ostracods in Slovenia. The data were obtained from the published scientific literature up to 2012 and from field collections after 2012, mainly from springs and groundwaters and, to a lesser extent, from ponds and other surface waters. The erroneous and invalid species names cited in the existing literature are listed to avoid further misquotations. The updated checklist contains a total of 70 valid species names. The species belong to 3 superfamilies, 9 families and 32 genera. The species-richest is the family Candonidae (36 species), followed by the family Cyprididae (22 species). Further field samplings are needed to complete the species list, with the focus on the eastern and southeastern parts of Slovenia, and on the sampling of surface waters. Additionally, more in-depth literature investigations and examinations of old museum collections across Europe need to be carried out to obtain all existing data. Moreover, many stygobiotic species (i.e., species inhabiting exclusively subterranean waters), new for science, collected over the last 20 years, need to be scientifically described. Lastly, the Slovenian National Red list on ostracods needs to be urgently updated.

Key words: Ostracoda, species, distribution, freshwater, groundwater, non-marine

Izvleček. V članku je predstavljen posodobljen seznam recentnih dvoklopnikov celinskih voda Slovenije. Podatki o vrstah so pridobljeni iz objavljene znanstvene literature do leta 2012 in dopolnjeni s terenskimi podatki, zbranimi po letu 2012, predvsem kot rezultat vzorčenja izvirov in podzemnih voda, v manjši meri pa ribnikov in drugih površinskih voda. Da bi se izognili nadaljnjim napačnim navedbam v znanstveni literaturi, navajamo tudi seznam neveljavnih imen vrst ter napačnih navedb imen iz obstoječe literature. Posodobljeni seznam vsebuje 70 veljavnih imen vrst. Vrste pripadajo 3 naddružinam, 9 družinam in 32 rodovom. Vrstno najbolj bogata je družina Candonidae (36 vrst), sledi ji družina Cyprididae (22 vrst). Za dopolnitev seznama vrst so potrebna nadaljnja terenska vzorčenja, s poudarkom na vzhodnem in jugovzhodnem delu Slovenije ter na vzorčenju površinskih voda. Dodatne, predvsem starejše podatke je treba izbrskati tudi s pomočjo podrobnega pregleda starejše literature in obstoječih muzejskih zbirk na evropskem nivoju. Poleg tega je treba opisati številne stigobiotske vrste (t.j., vrste, ki naseljujejo izključno podzemne vode), nove v znanosti, zbrane v zadnjih 20 letih. Nenazadnje, nujna je posodobitev nacionalnega rdečega seznama dvoklopnikov.

Ključne besede: Ostracoda, vrste, porazdelitev, celinske vode, podzemne vode, nemorski

Izvleček. Za raziskovano območje podajam seznam 35 vrst kačjih pastirjev, opazovanih med majem in septembrom 2022, s pripadajočimi favnističnimi podatki. Na nacionalni rdeči seznam je uvrščenih šest vrst, medtem ko sta koščični škratec Coenagrion ornatum in veliki studenčar Cordulegaster heros zavarovana in uvrščena na dodatke Direktive o habitatih EU. Tudi najdbe prodnega paškratca Erythromma lindenii, deviškega pastirja Aeshna isoceles in črnega ploščca Libellula fulva so zanimive iz favnističnega vidika in jih predstavljam v širšem kontekstu njihove razširjenosti v Sloveniji. Na izbranih popisnih transektih vzdolž melioracijskih jarkov na ožjem raziskovanem območju severno od Hotunj sem zabeležil 32 vrst. Prikazana je dinamika števila vrst po posameznih popisih med sezono in pripadajoča dinamika naraščanja kumulativnega števila zabeleženih vrst. Za razmeroma majhno območje v okolici Hotunj je doslej skupno znanih 37 vrst kačjih pastirjev. Na širšem območju med Ponikvo in Dramljami so potrebne dodatne favnistične raziskave, saj je poznavanje biodiverzitete in naravovarstvenega pomena območja še zelo pomanjkljivo.

Ključne besede: Zygoptera, Anisoptera, razširjenost, ogroženost, melioracijski jarki, sezonska dinamika

Abstract. A list of 35 species for the study area, observed between May and September 2022, is provided with complete faunistic data. Altogether, six species are listed on the national Red List, while the Ornate Bluet Coenagrion ornatum and the Balkan Goldenring Cordulegaster heros are protected and listed in the Annexes of the EU’s Habitat Directive. The records of the Blue-eye Erythromma lindenii, Green-eyed Hawker Aeshna isoceles and Blue Chaser Libellula fulva are also interesting from a faunistic point of view and are presented in the broader context of their distribution in Slovenia. At selected census transects along melioration ditches in the narrower study area north of Hotunje, 32 species were recorded. The dynamics of the number of recorded species during the season and the corresponding dynamics of the increase in cumulative number of recorded species are shown. A total of 37 odonate species are known so far for the relatively small area around Hotunje. Further faunistic research is needed for the wider area between Ponikva and Dramlje, as it remains poorly studied in terms of biodiversity and nature conservation importance.

Ključne besede: Zygoptera, Anisoptera, distribution, threat status, melioration ditches, seasonal dynamics

Abstract. First data on the host ant use of the scarce large blue Phengaris teleius in Ljubljansko barje are presented herewith. A survey was carried out in 2021 in the vicinity of the Bevke village. Altogether, 59 Myrmica ant nests were surveyed for the presence of scarce large blue caterpillars, 58 of M. scabrinodis and one of M. rubra. We found four caterpillars of the scarce large blue in three M. scabrinodis ant nests. Our results indicate that M. scabrinodis is probably the main host of Phengaris teleius in Ljubljansko barje, the same as in other regions of Europe.

Key words: scarce large blue, Phengaris teleius, Maculinea teleius, Slovenia, host ants, Myrmica, Ljubljansko barje

Izvleček. V prispevku predstavljamo prve podatke o gostiteljskih vrstah mravelj strašničinega mravljiščarja Phengaris teleius na Ljubljanskem barju. Pregled mravljišč za prisotnost gosenic strašničinega mravljiščarja je potekal v letu 2021 na območju Bevk. Skupno smo pregledali 59 mravljišč, 58 mravljišč vrste Myrmica scabrinodis in eno mravljišče Myrmica rubra. Našli smo štiri gosenice strašničinega mravljiščarja v treh mravljiščih barjanske rdečke Myrmica scabrinodis, ki je tudi v drugih predelih Evrope pomembna gostiteljska vrsta strašničinega mravljiščarja.

Ključne besede: strašničin mravljiščar, Phengaris teleius, Maculinea teleius, Slovenija, gostiteljske mravlje, Myrmica, Ljubljansko barje

Abstract. Considering the recent expansion of the golden jackal's (Canis aureus) range, we set out to determine its interspecific interactions at potential food sources with other mesocarnivores in Ljubljansko barje, the area where the first territorial groups in Slovenia were recorded. We set bait and camera traps at six different locations. When analysing the recordings, it seemed that red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were in all probability avoiding jackals at stationary food sources on a fine spatial scale. In addition, we recorded a case of the possible interference competition between the golden jackal with the European badger (Meles meles).

Key words: intraguild competition, golden jackal, Canis aureus, territorial pair

Izvleček. V luči nedavnega širjenja areala evrazijskega šakala (Canis aureus) smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšni medvrstni odnosi z drugimi mezokarnivori se vzpostavljajo ob potencialnem prehranskem viru na Ljubljanskem barju, območju, kjer so bile v Sloveniji prvič zabeležene teritorialne skupine. Na šestih lokacijah smo postavili vabe in fotopasti. Opazili smo, da se lisica (Vulpes vulpes) na stacionarnih prehranskih virih verjetno izogiba šakalom na fini prostorski skali. Poleg tega smo opazili obnašanja, ki bi lahko bila povezana z interferenčno kompeticijo šakala z jazbecem (Meles meles).

Ključne besede: znotrajcehovska kompeticija, zlati šakal, Canis aureus, teritorialni par