2007
Letnik 9 • Volume 9

Izvleček. V skladu z Vodno direktivo smo pripravili tipologijo naravnih jezer v Sloveniji s površino >50 ha. Takšni sta Blejsko in Bohinjsko jezero. Preverili smo oba predlagana sistema za pripravo tipologije po Vodni direktivi (Direktiva 2000/60/ES) in ugotovili, da po sistemu A ne dosežemo dovolj dobre diferenciacije za opis bioloških referenčnih razmer. Izbrali smo sistem B in obveznim deskriptorjem – geografskemu položaju oz. ekoregijam, velikosti površine jezera, povprečni globini jezera, geološki podlagi in nadmorski višini – dodali še izbirni deskriptor. Deskriptor, ki smo ga izbrali, je pripadnost bioregiji (sensu Urbanič 2006a), ki vključuje tudi dva obvezna deskriptorja – geološko podlago in nadmorsko višino, zato ju posebej pri opisu tipov nismo navajali.

Ključne besede: tipologija, jezera, biološki elementi, Vodna direktiva, Slovenija

Abstract. A typology of natural lakes in Slovenia with the surface area of >50 ha was prepared according to the Water Framework Directive. Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj were taken into consideration only. Both systems proposed by the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC) for the preparation of the lake typology were tested. Using the system A, the satisfactory differentiation for the description of biological reference conditions could not be established. The system B was chosen based on the obligatory descriptors that include altitude, latitude, longitude, depth, geology and size. An additional descriptor, which concerns bioregional affiliation, was also chosen (sensu Urbanič, 2006a), which includes two obligatory descriptors, altitude and geology. These two descriptors are not specifically mentioned in the description of lake types.

Key words: typology, lakes, biological elements, Water Framework Directive, Slovenia

Abstract. A checklist of the ants of Slovenia with 132 species is presented. Sixteen species are new for the Slovenian ant fauna (Ponera testacea, Cardiocondyla elegans, Myrmica gallienii, Myrmica lobulicornis, Myrmica rugulosa, Temnothorax italicus, Temnothorax lichtensteini, Temnothorax recedens, Temnothorax saxonicus, Tetramorium hungaricum, Tetramorium moravicum, Tetramorium semilaeve, Formica fuscocinerea, Lasius balcanicus, Plagiolepis ampeloni, Plagiolepis xene). Distribution of the recorded species according to the phytogeographic regions of Slovenia is also indicated.

Key words: ants, Formicidae, checklist, Slovenia

Izvleček. Predstavljen je seznam mravelj Slovenije s 132 vrstami. Šestnajst vrst je novih za slovensko favno mravelj (Ponera testacea, Cardiocondyla elegans, Myrmica gallienii, Myrmica lobulicornis, Myrmica rugulosa, Temnothorax italicus, Temnothorax lichtensteini, Temnothorax recedens, Temnothorax saxonicus, Tetramorium hungaricum, Tetramorium moravicum, Tetramorium semilaeve, Formica fuscocinerea, Lasius balcanicus, Plagiolepis ampeloni, Plagiolepis xene). Navedena je tudi razširjenost najdenih vrst glede na fitogeografska območja Slovenije.

Ključne besede: mravlje, Formicidae, seznam, Slovenija

Abstract. We report on topographical and vegetational characteristics of 13 sites where Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) killed its prey in the Dinaric mountain range in Slovenia. The results suggest that lynx does not necessarily need dense vegetation and rugged terrain to successfully hunt its prey, however, it may influence its hunting success. A large part of the successful hunts took place on steep slopes and rugged terrain. 39% of kill sites were located in dolines, implying the potential importance of these karst structures for the hunting of large carnivores on ungulates in karst areas such as Dinaric Mountains.

Key words: Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx, predation, kill sites, Dinaric Mts, Slovenia

Izvleček Preučili smo topografske in vegetacijske značilnosti na 13 lokalitetah, kjer so evrazijski risi (Lynx lynx) uplenili svoj plen na območju Dinaridov v Sloveniji. Rezultati so pokazali, da lahko risi uplenijo svoj plen tudi na mestih brez goste vegetacije in razgibanega terena, vendar pa večja možnost kritja verjetno lahko vpliva na njegov lovni uspeh. Velik del uspešnih poskusov lova je potekal na strmih pobočjih in na razgibanem terenu. 39 % mest uplenitev je bilo ugotovljenih v vrtačah, kar kaže na potencialni pomen le-teh pri lovu velikih zveri na parkljarje na kraških območjih, kot so Dinaridi.

Ključne besede: evrazijski ris, Lynx lynx, predacija, mesta uplenitev, Dinaridi, Slovenija

Abstract. The glossiphoniid leech Placobdella costata was confirmed in 2006 for the first time in Slovenia at a complex of fish ponds named 'Draga pri Igu' some 10 km south of Ljubljana (Central Slovenia). Up to 15 leeches were found attached to European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis), the main host species.

Key words: Placobdella costata, European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis, Slovenia

Izvleček. Želvja pijavka Placobdella costata je bila leta 2006 prvič najdena v Sloveniji v kompleksu ribnikov Draga pri Igu, približno 10 km južno od Ljubljane. Na ujetih močvirskih sklednicah (Emys orbicularis), ki so glavni gostitelji, je bilo pritrjenih do 15 pijavk.

Ključne besede: Placobdella costata, European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis, Slovenia

Abstract. On the basis of morphology of the gonopodium and fin ray counts it was determined that the introduced mosquitofish in Slovenia belong to the species Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 rather than G. affinis (Baird & Girard, 1858). This finding is in accordance with European literature sources but not with Slovene literature, where both taxa are lumped together.

Key words: Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, Gambusia holbrooki, Slovenia, identification, gonopodium morphology, Invasive Alien Species

Izvleček. Na podlagi morfologije gonopodija in števila plavutnic smo ugotovili, da tujerodna vrsta gambuzije, ki se pojavlja v Sloveniji, pripada vrsti Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 in ne vrsti G. affins (Baird & Girard, 1858). To je tudi v skladu s podatki iz drugih evropskih držav, medtem ko sta se v slovenski ihtiološki literaturi oba taksona obravnavala kot ena vrsta.

Ključne besede: gambuzija, Gambusia affinis, Gambusia holbrooki, določitev, morfologija gonopodija, invazivna tujerodna vrsta

Abstract. Two neuropteran species, the antlion Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan 1898) and the mantispid Mantispa aphavexelte Aspöck & Aspöck 1994, are known as extremely rare in Slovenia. New records of the species are presented. Both neuropterans occur only in the Submediterranean region of the country. Due to the insufficient knowledge of its ecology, the threat status of M. aphavexelte is unknown, whilst N. microstenus should be considered as endangered considering that its habitats are shrinking.

Key words: distribution, Neuroleon microstenus, Mantispa aphavexelte, Neuroptera, Slovenia

Izvleček. Dve vrsti mrežekrilcev, volkec vrste Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan 1898) in zapončica vrste Mantispa aphavexelte Aspöck & Aspöck 1994, veljata za izjemno redki v Sloveniji. Predstavljeni so novi podatki o razširjenosti obeh vrst, ki se v Sloveniji pojavljata le v submediteranski regiji. Zaradi slabega poznavanja ekologije je status ogroženosti za M. aphavexelte neznan. Vrsto N. microstenus pa lahko štejemo za ogroženo zaradi krčenja njenih habitatov.

Ključne besede: razširjenost, Neuroleon microstenus, Mantispa aphavexelte, mrežekrilci, Slovenija

Izvleček. Mejice služijo kot zatočišča, preletni koridorji in larvalni ter prehranjevalni habitat za dnevne metulje. Za ugotavljanje številčnosti in obnašanja metuljev v 5-metrskem pasu na in ob mejicah v zahodnem delu Ljubljanskega barja smo uporabili transektno metodo. Transekti so bili opravljeni dvakrat na teden v primernem vremenu. Skupaj je bilo opaženih 43 vrst. Okar Maniola jurtina je bil dominantna vrsta z 58% vseh opažanj. Konec junija je bil iz vidika številčnosti in pestrosti zabeleženih vrst sezonski vrh. Večina metuljev je bila opažena na pasu vegetacije ob mejici (73%), kjer je bilo letenje najpogostejše obnašanje (59%). Pestrost metuljev na transektih je bila višja tam, kjer so bili sosednji habitati v ekstenzivni rabi. Na mejicah, ki so mejile na njive, smo ugotovili večjo pestrost in številčnost metuljev na tistih odsekih, kjer je bil med njivo in mejico ohranjen pas travniške vegetacije. Uporaba mejic se je po košnji statistično značilno povečala za 15%. Pomen mejic za dnevne metulje v Sloveniji je manj izrazit kot v severni Evropi. Kljub temu mejice predstavljajo pomemben habitat za metulje in jih je treba varovati in obnavljati.

Ključne besede: dnevni metulji, pestrost, varstvo, habitat, transekt

Abstract. Hedgerows serve as shelters, disperison corridors, and as larval and nectaring habitat for butterflies. A line transect method was used for recording butterfly abundance and behavior on a 5 m wide transect including hedgerows and a strip of vegetation along their edges in western part of Ljubljansko barje. Transects were walked in suitable weather twice a week. Altogether 43 species were recorded. The Meadow brown (Maniola jurtina) was the dominant species with 58% of all records. The peak of the season, both in terms of abundance and species diversity, was at the end of June. Most of the butterflies were recorded at the adjacent strip of vegetation (73%), where flying was most common behaviour (59%). The butterfly diversity on transects was higher where adjacent habitats were extensively used. On the hedgerows bordering arable fields butterfly diversity and numbers were higher where a 2,5 m strip of extensively used grasses was preserved. The utilization of hedgerows significantly increased for 15% after mowing of adjacent grasslands. The importance of hedgerows for butterflies in Slovenia is less prominent as in northern Europe. Nevertheless, they still comprise a valuble habitat for butterflies and shuld be preserved and/or restored.

Key words: Rhopalocera, diversity, conservation, habitat, transect

Abstract. A detailed survey of the publications and main Slovenian collections showed that only limited information on the distribution of Carcharodus lavatherae, Pyrgus carthami, and Pyrgus serratulae is available. Within the framework of the Slovenian butterfly atlas survey, several additional records have been gathered during the past two decades. C. lavatherae was found in four separate areas, but the knowledge about its threat status and habitat preference is still insufficient due to the scarcity of the encounters. The distribution of Pyrgus carthami in Slovenia is much more limited than considered by previous authors. All confirmed records are confined to southwest Slovenia, where the main strongholds are the south facing slopes north of the Vipava valley and western part of the Kras plateau. The large number of unpublished records is somewhat masking the actual decline of the species in Slovenia. P. serratulae is the most enigmatic of the three species with numerous published records but no vouchers that could verify its presence in Slovenia. The discovery of the species in the Poček military area is the first confirmed observation in Slovenia, putting this species right to the top of the conservation priorities in butterflies.

Key words: butterflies, Skippers, habitat, endangerment, Rhopalocera

Izvleček. Kljub natančnemu pregledu literature in pomembnejših zbirk metuljev v Sloveniji je le malo znanega o razširjenosti treh preučevanih vrst Carcharodus lavatherae, Pyrgus carthami in Pyrgus serratulae. V zadnjih dveh desetletjih je bilo zbrano veliko število novih najdb, deloma tudi v okviru raziskav za atlas dnevnih metuljev Slovenije. C. lavatherae je bil najden na štirih ločenih območjih, vendar je poznavanje njegove ogroženosti in izbire habitatov zaradi majhnega števila opazovanj še vedno pomanjkljivo. Pyrgus carthami ima v Sloveniji veliko bolj omejeno razširjenost kot jo opisujejo prejšnji avtorji. Vsi potrjeni podatki so namreč iz jugovzhodne Slovenije, kjer je vrsta najbolj razširjena na pobočjih severno od Vipavske doline in na Komenskem krasu. Veliko število neobjavljenih podatkov deloma zakriva dejansko upadanje številčnosti vrste v Sloveniji. Najbolj skrivnostno pa je pojavljanje P. serratulae v Sloveniji, saj kljub velikemu številu objavljenih podatkov v zbirkah ni bil najden niti eden dokazni primerek. Tako lahko odkritje te vrste na vojaškem poligonu Poček jemljemo kot prvo potrjeno najdbo za Slovenijo. S tem se je P. serratulae znašel prav pri vrhu seznama najbolj ogroženih vrst metuljev v Sloveniji.

Ključne besede: dnevni metulji, debeloglavčki, habitat, ogroženost, Rhopalocera