2013
Letnik 15 • Volume 15

Abstract. The present study reports on and discusses new records for the Slovenian spider fauna, namely: Asthenargus bracianus, Clubiona leucaspis, Euryopis laeta, Lasaeola prona, Lathys stigmatisata, Meioneta innotabilis, Oecobius maculatus, Porrhomma microphthalmum, Trichoncus saxicola and Zodarion pusio. According to their areas of distribution and confirmed presence in the neighbouring countries, the presence of newly recorded species in Slovenia can be considered as expected, indicating still incomplete knowledge of Slovenian spider fauna.

Key words: new records, spiders, Slovenia, faunistics

Izvleček. Prispevek obravnava deset vrst pajkov, ki doslej v Sloveniji še niso bile najdene, in sicer: Asthenargus bracianus, Clubiona leucaspis, Euryopis laeta, Lasaeola prona, Lathys stigmatisata, Meioneta innotabilis, Oecobius maculatus, Porrhomma microphthalmum, Trichoncus saxicola in Zodarion pusio. Glede na areale razširjenosti in njihovo pojavljanje v sosednjih državah je pojavljanje večinev prispevku obravnavanih vrst v Sloveniji pričakovano, kar kaže na še vedno pomanjkljivo poznavanje favne pajkov v Sloveniji.

Ključne besede: nove najdbe, pajki, Slovenija, favnistika

Abstract Although a considerable improvement in knowledge about small mammal fauna in Slovenia has been noted over the past 30 years, the group is still understudied. Here we present results of the nine-year trapping and information on abundance and community assemblage of small mammals of Goteniška gora, a mountain in southern Slovenia. Trappings were conducted every September from 2002 to 2010. Traps were set in different habitats, ranging from open-space meadows and stony karst areas to dense fir-beech forests (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum). At least 12 different species constituted local communities, mostly resembling central European deciduous and mixed forest communities. Some representatives of Alpine small mammal communities and a Pleistocene relict were also present.

Key words: small mammal community, long term trapping, Goteniška gora, Dinarides

Izvleček. Kljub napredku na področju raziskovanja malih sesalcev Slovenije v zadnjih 30 letih je ta skupina še vedno slabo preučena. V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate devetletnega vzorčenje na območju Goteniške gore na jugu Slovenije in podatke o gostoti in združbah malih sesalcev na tem območju. Vzorčili smo vsak september v letih od vključno 2002 do 2010 v različnih habitatih, od odprtih travnikov in kamnitega kraškega območja do gostih, dinarskih jelovo-bukovih (Abietum-Fagetum dinaricum) gozdnih sestojev. Združbo malih sesalcev Goteniške gore sestavlja vsaj 12 različnih vrst malih sesalcev, v glavnem značilnih za srednjeevropske listopadne in mešane gozdove. Poleg teh smo zabeležili tudi predstavnike alpinskih združb malih sesalcev, kot tudi en pleistocenski relikt.

Ključne besede: mali sesalci, združba, večletno vzorčenje, Goteniška gora, Dinaridi

Abstract. During our field survey in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Albania, we encountered the Greek clouded yellow (Colias aurorina) at two sites, representing the first record for the species in Europe outside Greece. It was found common at one site on the Albanian side of the Grammos Mts. with possibly continuous range into northern Greece. As larval host plant of the Greek clouded yellow Astragalus thracicus was present in abundance on the northern slopes of the mountain, we consider the species as not threatened in Albania. In addition, the purple emperor (Apatura iris) and the Balkan green-veined white (Pieris balcana) were recorded for the first time in Albania.

Key words: diversity, faunistics, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, field survey

Izvleček. Med terenskim delom v jugovzhodnem delu Albanije smo našli grškega senožetnika (Colias aurorina) na dveh lokacijah, kar so prve najdbe te vrste v Evropi zunaj Grčije. Vrsta je bila pogosta na eni izmed lokacij na albanski strani gorovja Grammos, kjer je njena razširjenost verjetno povezana s populacijo na grški strani. Ker severna pobočja gore na gosto porašča hranilna rastlina gosenic grškega senožetnika Astragalus thracicus, sklepamo, da vrsta v Albaniji ni ogrožena. Dodatno smo kot novi najdbi za Albanijo našli tudi velikega spreminjavčka (Apatura iris) in balkanskega belina (Pieris balcana).

Ključne besede: pestrost, favnistika, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, terenske raziskave

Abstract. Rivčja jama in central Slovenia is a well researched bat summer roost; however, the autumn composition of its bat fauna is still poorly known. Therefore, we conducted mistnetting in front of the cave on 28. 9. 2011. We caught five bat species; most interesting among them were long-fingered bat (Myotis capaccinii) and lesser mouse-eared bat (M. oxygnathus), both otherwise rarely recorded in central and eastern Slovenia. Mistnets captures, together with visual observation, also confirmed mating of M. capaccinii in the cave.

Key words: Rivčja jama, cave, bats, mating, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis oxygnathus, Slovenia

Izvleček. Rivčja jama je dobro raziskano poletno zatočišče netopirjev, medtem ko je jesenska sestava netopirske favne manj poznana. Zato smo 28. 9. 2011 pred vhodom jame opravili mreženje. Ujeli smo 5 vrst netopirjev, od katerih sta bili najbolj zanimivi v osrednji in vzhodni Sloveniji sicer redko zabeleženi vrsti: dolgonogi netopir (Myotis capaccinii) in ostrouhi netopir (M. oxygnathus). Glede na vmrežene dolgonoge netopirje in opazovanje v jami sklepamo, da je jama tudi parišče te vrste.

Ključne besede: Rivčja jama, netopirji, parjenje, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis oxygnathus, Slovenija

Abstract. Tragopogon dubius is a species native to SW Slovenia and with several dubious records in central and eastern parts of the country. Its locus classicus is in SW Slovenia at Senožeče, but there is a slight doubt about the type description as no herbarium material has been preserved. All records (and herbarium vouchers in University of Ljubljana's (LJU) collection) of the species from continental Slovenia have been critically assessed, but none of them has proved to be reliable. Three new recently discovered records linked to the railways in central and E Slovenia are presented and discussed.

Key words: Tragopogon dubius, Asteraceae, Slovenia

Izvleček. Tragopogon dubius je v submediteranskem delu Slovenije avtohtona vrsta s peščico nezanesljivih navedb o njenem pojavljanju v osrednji in vzhodni Sloveniji. Njeno klasično nahajališče je pri Senožečah, a še vedno obstaja rahel dvom o ustreznosti imena, saj ni ohranjen Scopolijev herbarijski material. Vse starejše navedbe, skupaj s herbarijskim materialom v herbarijski zbirki Ljubljanske univerze (LJU), o pojavljanju vrste v kontinentalnem delu Slovenije so bile kritično pregledane in prav nobena izmed njih se ni pokazala kot zanesljiva. Dodane pa so tri nove nedavne najdbe ob železnici v osrednji in vzhodni Sloveniji.

Ključne besede: Tragopogon dubius, Asteraceae, Slovenija

Abstract. Velkovrhia enigmatica is the only freshwater hydrozoan living exclusively in groundwater. It is endemic to the Dinarides in the Balkan Peninsula, where it has been known from four caves only. Here we report on a new V. enigmatica population from cave Logarček near Laze in southwestern Slovenia. In addition, after almost 30 years since its last recorded presence, we confirm the current presence of numerous V. enigmatica individuals in the type locality, Planinska jama. Individuals from the two caves were morphologically different: polyps from the type locality had 4–9 tentacles, while the ones from Logarček had 14–36 tentacles. The mitochondrial DNA sequences in populations from both caves did not differ. Additional research is needed to provide further insights into species taxonomy, biology and distribution.

Key words: Velkovrhia enigmatica, Hydrozoa, Planinska jama, Logarček, morphology

Izvleček. Velkovrhia enigmatica je edini sladkovodni trdoživnjak, ki živi izključno v podzemeljskih vodah. Doslej so tega endemita Dinarskega krasa na Balkanskem polotoku našli le v štirih jamah. V prispevku poročamo o najdbi nove populacije v jami Logarček pri Lazah v jugovzhodni Sloveniji. Poleg tega lahko, po skoraj 30 letih, ponovno potrdimo pojavljanje velkovrhije na tipski lokaliteti v Planinski jami. Osebki iz obeh jam se medsebojno morfološko razlikujejo: polipi iz tipske lokalitete imajo 4–9 lovk v primerjavi s polipi iz Logarčka s po 14–36 lovkami. V zaporedjih mitohondrijske DNA obeh populacij ni razlik. Šele z dodatnimi raziskavami bi lahko izboljšali vpogled v taksonomijo, biologijo in razširjenost te vrste.

Ključne besede: Velkovrhia enigmatica, Hydrozoa, Planinska jama, Logarček, morfologija

Abstract. V Beli krajini je močvirska sklednica glede na starejše podatke splošno razširjena, toda novejših podatkov o razširjenosti za to vrsto ni, kaj šele podatkov o njeni ekologiji. Med letoma 2008 in 2012 smo raziskali ekologijo, stanje populacije in razširjenost te vrste v Beli krajini na stoječih vodah in izvirih. Vrsta je bila potrjena v primarnih in sekundarnih vodnih habitatih na štirih večjih območjih. Od 48 ujetih želv jih 40 % spada med osebke, stare do deset let. Razmnoževanje smo potrdili na petih lokacijah (Prilozje, Zjot, Golek, mrtvica Obrha, Nerajec). V kalu Golek in Gornjem kalu smo zabeležili mesta, kjer želve odlagajo jajca. Na treh lokacijah smo potrdili tudi tujerodno rdečevratko in na eni rumenovratko. Na podlagi števila osebkov, starostne sestave in potrjenega razmnoževanja je populacija v zgornjem toku reke Lahinje najbolj vitalna, sledijo mrtvice Obrha pri Metliki, okolica naselja Prilozje in okolica Hrasta. V prispevku so podani tudi naravovarstveni pogledi in predlogi za razširitev omrežja NATURA 2000.

Key words: želve, Emydidae, Bela krajina, Natura 2000

Izvleček. Although the European pond turtle is widespread in Bela krajina according to old data, very few recent data are available on its natural history and ecology from this region. Our goal was to determine the population structure of the European pond turtle of Bela krajina and its recent distribution. To do this, we caught and marked 48 individuals in the years 2008-2012. The European pond turtle was found in native and human-made water bodies of four areas. 40% of all caught individuals were up to 10 years of age. We confirmed reproduction at five localities (Prilozje, Zjot, Golek, oxbows of the Obrh stream, Nerajec) and registered nesting sites at ponds Golek and Gornji kal. The allochthonous red-eared slider turtle and yellow-bellied slider were also present at three localities. Our results indicate that the most stable population was found in the upper reaches of the Lahinja River, followed by oxbows of the Obrh stream near Metlika, and the environs of Prilozje and Hrast villages. We additionally present our conservation views and propose the Natura 2000 network to be expanded for this species.

Ključne besede: turtles, Emydidae, Bela krajina, Natura 2000

Abstract. In the last overview of bats in Slovenia, the parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus was one of the rarest species listed. However, in the past few years (June 2005 - April 2013) we have found 98 new locations. In this article, we present new data on mating sites, summer roosts and hibernacula, as well as other chance encounters. Although V. murinus is a permanent part of the bat fauna in Slovenia, it is much more evident during the colder part of the year, when migrating individuals possibly reach their wintering area. We argue that this bat species is much more common in Slovenia and its neighbouring regions than previously assumed.

Key words: Vespertilio murinus, mating sites, summer roosts, hibernacula, chance encounters, Slovenia

Izvleček. V zadnjem pregledu netopirjev v Sloveniji je bil dvobarvni netopir (Vespertilio murinus) zabeležen kot ena najredkeje opaženih vrst netopirjev. V zadnjih letih (junij 2005 – april 2013) pa smo s terenskimi raziskavami odkrili 98 novih najdišč. V prispevku podajamo nova opažanja parišč, poletnih zatočišč in prezimovališč ter drugih naključnih najdb. Dvobarvni netopir se v združbi netopirjev v Sloveniji pojavlja stalno, vendar je laže opazovan v mrzlem delu leta, ko živali verjetno priletijo k nam na prezimovanje. Zato menimo, da je ta vrsta netopirja tako v Sloveniji kot v sosednih pokrajinah precej bolj pogosta, kot smo sprva predvidevali.

Ključne besede: Vespertilio murinus, parišča, poletna zatočišča, prezimovališča, naključne najdbe, Slovenija

Abstract. After the first confirmed record of the Italian agile frog in the Dragonja River Valley, a herpetological field survey was organized in 2012 to estimate the species range in this area. We confirmed its reproduction in the Slovenian part of the watersheds of the rivers Dragonja, Mirna and upper part of Rižana. Here we present a preliminary report on the presence of this amphibian in the Slovenian part of Istra.

Key words: Rana latastei, Slovenia, Istra, breeding sites, distribution, Natura 2000, SCI SI3000212 Slovenska Istra

Izvleček. Na območju slovenske Istre je bil po prvi potrjeni najdbi laške žabe v dolini reke Dragonje v letu 2012 organiziran herpetološki popis tega območja. Popis je potrdil razširjenost in razmnoževanje te dvoživke v slovenskem delu povodij rek Dragonje in Mirne ter v zgornjem delu Rižane. V pričujoči znanstveni vesti so opisani preliminarni rezultati o razširjenosti laške žabe v Slovenski Istri.

Ključne besede: Rana latastei, laška žaba, Slovenija, Istra, mrestišča, razširjenost, Natura 2000, SCI SI3000212 Slovenska Istra

Abstract. Infestation by ticks affects several vertebrate groups, including reptiles. Castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus is the most widespread tick species. Here we report an impressive tick infestation of a male green lizard Lacerta viridis/bilineata found in 2012 in the vicinity of Bilpa cave in the Kolpa valley, Slovenia. Lizards as tick hosts can play an important role in the life cycle of I. ricinus and may also be potential vectors of Lyme disease.

Key words: Lacerta viridis/bilineata, Ixodes ricinus, tick, host, Slovenia

Izvleček. Zaprarazitiranost s klopi je pogost pojav pri večini skupin vretenčarjev, tudi pri plazilcih. Najbolj razširjena vrsta klopa je gozdni klop Ixodes ricinus. Pri samcu zelenca Lacerta viridis/bilineata, ki smo ga ujeli leta 2012 v bližini jame Bilpa v dolini Kolpe, Slovenija, smo opazili izjemno močno zaparizitiranost z gozdnimi klopi. V splošnem so kuščarji gostitelji klopov in igrajo pomembno vlogo v življenjskem krogu vrste I. ricinus, hkrati pa so tudi potencialni vektorji borelije.

Ključne besede: Lacerta viridis/bilineata, Ixodes ricinus, klop, gostitelj, Slovenija