2009
Letnik 11 • Volume 11

Izvleček. V obdobju od maja do avgusta 2007 smo na vodotoku Oplotnica vzorčili perifiton, ocenili hidromorfološke ter merili fizikalne in kemijske dejavnike. Odvzemna mesta smo izbrali na območju odvzema vode za potrebe malih hidroelektrarn (MHE) Hohler in Oplotnica. Ocenili smo vpliv odvzema vode na združbo perifitona, na hidromorfološke ter na fizikalne in kemijske dejavnike. Ugotovili smo spremembe hidromorfoloških dejavnikov na odvzemnih mestih, ki so pod vplivom odvzema vode. Fizikalni in kemijski dejavniki ter vrstna sestava in pogostost pojavljanja perifitona pa se vzdolž vodotoka niso veliko spreminjali. Manjše razlike v vrstni sestavi in pogostosti pojavljanja perifitona so posledica različnih tipov vodnih habitatov na posameznih odvzemnih mestih. Bray-Curtisov koeficient podobnosti je pokazal večjo časovno kot krajevno odvisnost. Vrednosti Pantle-Buckovih saprobnih indeksov uvrščajo vodotok Oplotnica v I. in I.-II. kakovostni razred, kar nam pove, da je bila voda v vodotoku Oplotnica v času vzorčenja neobremenjena oziroma malo obremenjena.

Ključne besede: perifiton, alge, tekoče vode, Oplotnica, odvzem vode

Abstract. From May to August 2007, sampling of periphyton, estimation of hydromorphological, physical and chemical parameters on the Oplotnica river were performed. The sampling sites were selected in the water abstraction area of the Oplotnica river for the purpose of small Hohler and Oplotnica hydroelectric plants. The impact of water abstraction on the hydromorphological, physical and chemical parameters as well as on the community structure and relative abundance of periphyton was estimated. The results showed changes of hydromorphological parameters at sampling sites affected by water abstraction. Physical and chemical parameters, species composition and relative abundance of periphyton did not alter along the water course to a large extent. Smaller differences in species composition and relative abundance of periphyton were noticed due to different types of water habitats. The Bray-Curtis coefficient of similarity demonstrated the periphyton community to be more time than place dependent. The Pantle-Buck Saprobic index classifies the Oplotnica river in the I. and I.-II. class according to the quality, which gives evidence that water in the water course was not polluted or polluted to a minor extent.

Key words: periphyton, algae, running waters, Oplotnica, water abstraction

Izvleček. Na 32 km² velikem območju ob Savi med Krškim in Jesenicami na Dolenjskem je bila leta 2008 opravljena inventarizacija avifavne z namenom naravovarstvenega ovrednotenja območja. V pokrajinskih tipih gozd, kmetijska kulturna krajina in mozaik smo na skupaj 25,3 km transektov popisali ptice dvakrat. Posebej smo popisali ptice vodnih teles raziskovanega območja - ptice rečne struge s poudarkom na ciljnih vrstah vodomcu Alcedo atthis in malem martincu Actitis hypoleucos - ter ptice drugih vodnih teles (gramoznici, mrtvica). Skupaj smo registrirali 132 vrst ptic, med katerimi je bilo 88 gnezdilk. Petnajst gnezdilk je uvrščenih v Prilogo 1 Direktive 79/409/EGS o ohranjanju prosto živečih ptic. Kvalifikacijskim kriterijem za opredelitev IBA/SPA Sava med Krškim in Jesenicami na Dolenjskem - (1) vrste dosegajo na območju več kot 1% nacionalne populacije, (2) vrste so zastopane na območju z najmanj dvema paroma, pri čemer je celotna nacionalna populacija večja od pet parov, in (3) vrsta je lahko kvalifikacijska le na petih najpomembnejših območjih v dani evropski regiji (Slovenija) - so ustrezale 3 vrste, kvakač Nycticorax nycticorax, črni škarnik Milvus migrans in vodomec Alcedo atthis. Območje ob Savi med Krškim in Jesenicami na Dolenjskem kot predlagano novo IBA/SPA je edino za kvakača in črnega škarnika kot kvalifikacijski vrsti ter četrto najboljše območje za vodomca v državi.

Ključne besede: Sava med Krškim in Jesenicami na Dolenjskem, mednarodno pomembno območje za ptice, IBA, posebno varstveno območje, SPA, Natura 2000, Slovenija

Abstract. Inventory of avifauna was carried out in 2008 within a 32 km² area of the Sava River between Krško and Jesenice na Dolenjskem with the aim to evaluate the conservation importance of the area. Birds were counted twice on 25.3 km of line transects placed in three landscape types - woods, agricultural landscape, and mosaic. Breeding birds along the Sava River, with emphasis on common kingfisher Alcedo atthis and common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, and of water bodies of the area were surveyed, too. In total, 132 species were recorded, 88 of which were breeders. Fifteen breeders are listed in Annex 1 of the Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. Three of them meet the criteria for IBA/SPA designation - night heron Nycticorax nycticorax, black kite Milvus migrans and common kingfisher Alcedo atthis. The criteria used were: (1) more than 1% of the national breeding population of the species in the area, (2) more than two breeding pairs of the species in the area and more than five breeding pairs comprising the total national population, (3) for the qualifying species, five most important areas for the species in the region (Slovenia) can be proposed at the most. The proposed new IBA/SPA Sava river between Krško and Jesenice na Dolenjskem is the only area for the night heron and black kite and the fourth most important area for the common kingfisher in Slovenia.

Key words: the Sava river between Krško and Jesenice na Dolenjskem, Important Bird Area, IBA, Special Protected Area, SPA, Natura 2000, Slovenia

Izvleček. V članku so opisane nove najdbe treh osebkov (truplo in dva odrasla osebka) laškega gada (Vipera aspis) iz zahodne Slovenije (Sabotin, Korada), zabeležene med popisovanjem plazilcev v letu 2008. Najdbe potrjujejo obstoj te vrste tudi na Sabotinu in Koradi ter pomembno prispevajo k poznavanju razširjenosti vrste v Sloveniji. Poleg laškega gada sem na območju Sabotina našel še tri vrste kač, prav toliko tudi na območju Korade. Vse najdbe so bile enkratne. Ugodni življenjski prostori dopuščajo možnost novih najdb v prihodnosti.

Ključne besede: plazilci, kače, gadi, Viperidae, laški gad, Vipera aspis, razširjenost, Slovenija

Abstract. The article presents new records of three specimens (one carcass and 2 adult specimens) of the Asp Viper (Vipera aspis) recorded during three separate field days in 2008 in western Slovenia (Sabotin, Korada) while conducting a reptile census. The findings confirm presence of this species also on the slopes of Mt. Sabotin and Mt. Korada and contribute significantly to the knowledge of distribution of the Asp Viper in Slovenia. In addition to the Asp Viper in the area of Sabotin, I found three more snake species, just as many as in the area of Korada. All records were unique. Favourable living environments allow a possibility of new Asp Viper finds in the future.

Key words: reptiles, snakes, vipers, Viperidae, Asp Viper, Vipera aspis, distribution, Slovenia

Abstract. The article presents the first confirmed records of territorial groups of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Slovenia. During the survey at Ljubljansko barje on 20th February 2009, we noted a response by two jackal groups to a broadcasted howling near the village of Bevke (UTM VM82, 288 m a.s.l.). Since we recorded no response at any other location, it seems that the number of territorial golden jackals at Ljubljansko barje is small. Further studies would be needed to determine whether the jackals have already established permanent territories also in other regions of Slovenia.

Key words: golden jackal, Canis aureus, Slovenia, territorial groups

Izvleček. V prispevku navajam prve potrjene podatke o prisotnosti teritorilnih skupin šakalov (Canis aureus) v Sloveniji. Med popisom na Ljubljanskem barju dne 20.2.2009 smo v bližini vasi Bevke (UTM VM82, 288 m n.v.) zabeležili odziv dveh skupin šakalov. Glede na to, da nismo zaznali odziva na nobeni drugi lokaciji, sklepam, da je število teritorialnih šakalov na Ljubljanskem barju majhno. Potrebne bi bile nadaljnje raziskave, s katerimi bi lahko ugotovili, ali so šakali vzpostavili stalne teritorije tudi na katerem drugem območju v Sloveniji.

Ključne besede: šakal, Canis aureus, Slovenija, teritorialne skupine

Abstract. In Slovenia, the first algal research dates back to the year 1845, when Kützing referred to several localities in Slovenian territory in his work "Phycologia germanica". The present knowledge of diversity, variety and abundance of algae, however, is still incomplete, which applies both to aquatic and terrestrial species. The presented study carried out in 2005 and 2006 included 30 different aquatic and 5 terrestrial environments. It embraced data on species composition and distribution of benthic species in aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial environments. 634 taxa from ten classes were identified, 170 of which were discovered in Slovenia for the very first time. Most new identified taxa in Slovenia belong to Bacillariophyceae, specifically Navicula and Nitzschia. The genera of Amphidinium, Bumilleria, Heterothrix, Stylopyxis, Entomoneis, Stenopterobia, Chlorophysema, Podohedra and Poloidion had not been recorded in Slovenia prior to this study.

Key words: benthic algae, aerophytic algae, springs, waterfalls, oxbow lakes, brackish waters, Slovenia

Izvleček. Prve raziskave alg na območju Slovenije segajo v leto 1845, ko je Kützing v svojem delu "Phycologia germanica" omenil tudi naše kraje. Poznavanje vrstne strukture, pestrosti in abundance alg pa je še vedno nepopolno. To velja tako za vodne kot kopenske vrste. Predstavljene sezonske raziskave v letih 2005 in 2006 vključujejo 30 različnih vodnih okolij in 5 terestričnih. Vključujejo podatke o vrstni sestavi in razširjenosti bentoških vrst v vodnih ekosistemih in terestričnih okoljih. Evidentirali smo 634 taksonov iz desetih razredov, od tega 170 taksonov prvič na ozemlju Slovenije. Največ na novo ugotovljenih taksonov v Sloveniji pripada razredu kremenastih alg in sicer rodovoma Navicula in Nitzschia. Rodovi Amphidinium, Bumilleria, Heterothrix, Stylopyxis, Entomoneis, Stenopterobia, Chlorophysema, Podohedra in Poloidion pa do sedaj niso bili znani v Sloveniji.

Ključne besede: bentoške alge, aerofitske alge, izviri, slapovi, mrtvice, brakične vode, Slovenija

Izvleček. Na podlagi rezultatov dveh metodološko različnih načinov zbiranja podatkov je prikazana razširjenost ogrožene vrste Unio crassus na Goričkem, ki velja za malakološko manj raziskano območje Slovenije. Ribe igrajo pomembno vlogo v razvoju te školjke, zato je lokalitetam školjk dodan tudi seznam ribjih vrst, ki živijo na teh lokalitetah.

Ključne besede: školjke, Unio crassus, razširjenost, Slovenija, ribja favna

Abstract. The distribution of the endangered species Unio crassus in the Goričko region is presented, based on the results of two methodologically different ways of data collecting. Goričko is one of malacologically underinvestigated regions of Slovenia. Owing to the important role of fishes in this mussel development, a list with fish species that occur in the localities with the mussels is attached.

Key words: bivalvia, Unio crassus, distribution, Slovenia, fish fauna

Izvleček. Favna metuljev (Lepidoptera) je v Sloveniji še vedno nezadostno raziskana, še posebej metuljčki (Microlepidoptera). Za Slovenijo je navedeno 95 novih vrst metuljčkov. Podani so tudi podatki o najdbah nadaljnjih 44 vrst metuljčkov, ki so bili za Slovenijo sicer že znani, vendar brez podrobnejših navedb o času in kraju najdb.

Ključne besede: Microlepidoptera, nove vrste, favna, novi podatki

Abstract. The fauna of Lepidoptera of Slovenia is still poorly known, especially the Microlepidoptera group. We present information on 95 Microlepidoptera species new to Slovenia. Records of further 44 species which have been known for Slovenia but without exact information on localities, are also given.

Key words: Microlepidoptera, new species, fauna, new records

Izvleček. V prispevku podajamo pregled podatkov o razširjenosti plazilcev v Sloveniji, zbranih do aprila leta 2009. Podatki so predstavljeni na mreži UTM-kvadratov 10x10 km in razdeljeni glede na čas najdbe na obdobje pred letom 1996 in obdobje od 1996 do 2009. S tem prispevkom želimo postaviti osnovo za nadaljnje zbiranje podatkov na terenu in opozoriti na območja s pomanjkljivimi podatki. Pri nekaterih vrstah se je poznavanje njihove razširjenosti v zadnjih 13 letih precej izboljšalo (npr. Podarcis muralis, Vipera aspis, Zamenis longissimus, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata in Lacerta viridis / bilineata). Pri nekaterih alohtonih vrstah (npr. Trachemys scripta in Testudo hermanni) je povečanje števila UTM-kvadratov z zabeleženim pojavljanjem po letu 1995 najverjetneje posledica njihovega vnašanja v naravo s strani človeka. V povprečju se je število UTM-kvadratov z zabeleženim pojavljanjem posamezne avtohtone vrste po letu 1995 povečalo za 12 %. Nekaterih vrst na mnogih območjih po letu 1995 nismo več našli (npr. Podarcis melisellensis, Vipera ammodytes, V. berus, Emys orbicularis in Lacerta agilis), kar nakazuje na možnost lokalnih izumrtij. V prihodnje bi bilo zaželeno zagotoviti stalen monitoring, s katerim bi lahko zanesljiveje beležili trende v populacijah posameznih vrst.

Ključne besede: plazilci, Reptilia, razširjenost, Slovenija

Abstract. In this paper, we present a review of distributional data for reptiles in Slovenia collected prior to April 2009. Data are presented in a 10x10 km UTM grid and divided into two classes by the age: 1995 or earlier, and 1996-2009. With this review, we would like to create a basis for future field work and emphasize the distributional gaps. For some species, the knowledge of their distribution has increased substantially in the last 13 years (e.g. for Podarcis muralis, Vipera aspis, Zamenis longissimus, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata, and Lacerta viridis / bilineata). The increase in some introduced species (e.g. Trachemys scripta and Testudo hermanni) is probably a consequence of additional introductions by people. On average, the number of UTM squares with recorded presence of autochthonous species has increased by 12% per species after 1995. For some of the species, no more records have been made after 1995 in many areas where they had been recorded before (e.g. Podarcis melisellensis, Vipera ammodytes, V. berus, Emys orbicularis, and Lacerta agilis), which might indicate the possibility of local extinctions. For the future, we recommend a continual monitoring of the population trends concerning individual species.

Key words: reptiles, Reptilia, distribution, Slovenia