2008
Letnik 10 • Volume 10

Izvleček. Namen dela je členitev ekoregij celinskih voda – hidroekoregij Slovenije na subekoregije celinskih voda – subhidroekoregije, bioregije in velike reke. Uporabili smo dvostopenjski proces. V prvem koraku smo členitev opravili s kombinacijo tematskih kart. V drugem koraku smo členitev apriorno preverili z biološkimi podatki. Uporabili smo historične podatke o ribah in podatke o bentoških nevretenčarjih, vzorčenih na referenčnih in malo spremenjenih vzorčnih mestih. Ustreznost členitev smo preverjali s statistično metodo nemetričnega multidimenzionalnega skaliranja. Hidroekoregijo Alpe smo členili na dve subhidroekoregiji: Alpe-donavsko porečje in Alpe-jadransko povodje. Prav tako smo hidroekoregijo Dinaridi členili na dve subhidroekoregiji, in sicer evdinarsko in submediteransko. S členitvijo hidroekoregij in subhidroekoregij smo določili 16 bioregij in 9 tipov velikih rek. V hidroekoregiji Dinaridi smo določili sedem bioregij, v hidroekoregiji Alpe pet bioregij, v Panonski nižini tri bioregije, medtem ko hidroekoregije Padska nižina nismo členili in ima v Sloveniji le eno bioregijo. Najpomembnejše abiotske razlike v bioregijah so poleg pripadnosti porečju oz. povodju še prevladujoča geološka podlaga in maksimalni višinski razred ter nadmorska višina vplivnega območja.

Ključne besede: Vodna direktiva, bentoški nevretenčarji, ribe, tipologija, ekoregije, reke

Abstract. The main objective of our work was to carry out the division of inland water ecoregions – hydroecoregions of Slovenia and to define inland water subecoregions – subhydroecoregions, bioregions and large rivers. A two-stage approach was used. Initially, a division was performed using thematic maps. During the second step, a priori division was checked using biological data. Historical fish data, and benthic invertebrate data collected at reference and slightly impacted sites were used. A statistical analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling was performed to test a priori divisions. The Alps hydroecoregion was divided in two subhydroecoregions: the Alps-Danube river basin and Alps-Adriatic river basin. The Dinarids hydroecoregion was also divided in two subhydroecoregions: the Eudinaric and Sub-Mediterranean. Hydroecoregions and subhydroecoregions were divided into 16 bioregions and 9 types of large rivers. In the Dinarids hydroecoregion, seven bioregions were defined, in the Alps hydroecoregion five bioregions, in the Pannonian lowland hydroecoregion three bioregions, whereas the Po lowland hydroecoregion was not further divided and has only one bioregion in Slovenia. Main abiotic differences among bioregions beside river basin are also dominant geology, maximum altitude classes and altitude classes of the influence area.

Key words: Water Framework Directive, benthic invertebrates, fish, typology, ecoregions, rivers

Izvleček. Od maja do oktobra 1999 smo v dvomesečnih presledkih vzorčili kremenaste alge v 16 kraških izvirih na območju Julijskih Alp (Slovenija). Za raziskave sezonskih sprememb v združbi kremenastih alg smo v štirih izvirih vzorčili enkrat mesečno. Za vzorčenje smo uporabili metodo strganja alg s površine kamnov. Na vseh vzorčnih mestih smo izmerili tudi fizikalne in kemijske parametre. Glavni namen naloge je bila kvalitativna ocena združb kremenastih alg. V izvirih smo skupno določili 60 vrst. V združbah kremenastih alg so se pokazale nekatere podobnosti z izviri in potoki na različnih geografskih območjih. V večini vzorcev je najvišjo relativno pogostost dosegla vrsta Achnanthes minutissima. Pojavljale so se tudi vrste, značilne za izvire (krenofilne), skupaj z redkimi in ogroženimi vrstami. S klastersko analizo, ki je temeljila na združbah kremenastih alg, smo določili pet skupin izvirov. Hitrost vodnega toka in občasne presahnitve izvira sta dejavnika, ki sta najbolj vplivala na razvoj združbe kremenastih alg v izbranih izvirih. V nekaterih izvirih sta na združbo kremenastih alg vplivali tudi zasenčenost izvira ter trdota vode. Shannon-Wienerjev diverzitetni indeks je bil najvišji v stalnih izvirih.

Ključne besede: kremenaste alge, perifiton, izviri, Julijske Alpe

Abstract. In the Julian Alps (Slovenia), the diatom communities of 16 mountain springs were studied between May and October 1999. Four of them were sampled monthly for a more detailed investigation of seasonal changes in community structure. The sampling was performed by scraping of the rock surface. In all sampling stations, physical and chemical parameters were measured. The purpose of the work was qualitative assessment of the diatom communities. The diatom flora of these springs consisted of 60 diatom taxa and showed similarities with springs and headwater stream diatom communities from different geographic areas. Achnanthes minuttisima reached the highest relative abundance in most of the samples. Characteristic spring taxa (crenophiles) were present, but also included subdominant and rare taxa. Five different spring types were identified, with respect to diatom assemblages, using cluster analysis. Current velocity and periodical dryness in a spring appeared to be the dominant environmental factor affecting diatom distribution in selecting karst springs. In some springs, however, peculiar environmental factors (dim light, ionic strength) affected the structure of diatom assamblages. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the highest in permanent springs.

Key words: diatoms, periphyton, springs, Julian Alps

Abstract. In the cave entrance of Račiške ponikve, four selected sites with confluent algal growth and different sun irradiance levels were sampled for algological analysis. Altogether, 42 algal taxa were determined, with the highest proportion of cyanobacteria, 30 taxa (71%), followed by 8 taxa (19%) of Chlorophyta and 4 taxa (10%) of Chrysophyta. The favourable ratio of Oscillatoriales vs. Nostocales indicates that flora in Račiške ponikve cave is generally exposed to low photo flux. In the twilight zone of the cave, coccoid cyanobacteria prevailed. Moreover, at all sampling points algae characteristic of water and/or soil habitats were also identified besides typical aerophytic algae.

Key words: algae, cave, Račiške ponikve, Slovenia

Izvleček. Za algološko vrstno sestavo smo v jamskem vhodu Račiških ponikev opravili vzorčenje na štirih izbranih mestih s konfluentno obrastjo alg in različno izpostavljenostjo sončni osvetlitvi. Skupaj smo identificirali 42 taksonov alg, z največjim deležem cianobakterij, 30 taksonov (71%), ki so jim sledili predstavniki Chlorophyta z 8 taksoni (19%) in s 4 taksoni (10%) Chrysophyta. Višji delež Oscillatoriales v primerjavi s predstavniki Nostocales nakazuje, da je flora v jamskem vhodu Račiških ponikev izpostavljena pretežno šibkim intenzitetam svetlobe. V jami v pasu somraka prevladujejo kokoidne cianobakterije. Na vseh vzorčnih mestih smo poleg alg, ki so značilne aerofitske, identificirali tudi alge, ki navadno uspevajo v vodnih in terestičnih habitatih.

Ključne besede: alge, jama, Račiške ponikve, Slovenija

Abstract. Four spider species, Dictyna civica (Lucas 1850) (Dictynidae), Philodromus praedatus O. P. Cambridge 1871 (Philodromidae), Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch 1864 (Miturgidae) and Clubiona similis L. Koch 1867 (Clubionidae), new for Slovenian fauna, have been recorded on bridges over the Ljubljanica river and on buildings in the centre of Ljubljana.

Key words: Araneae, synanthropic species, Slovenia, faunistics

Izvleček. Prispevek obravnava štiri v Sloveniji doslej še neodkrite vrste pajkov: Dictyna civica (Lucas 1850) (Dictynidae), Philodromus praedatus O. Pickard-Cambridge 1871 (Philodromidae), Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch 1864 (Miturgidae) in Clubiona similis L. Koch 1867 (Clubionidae), ki so bile najdene na mostovih prek Ljubljanice in na nekaterih zgradbah v središču Ljubljane.

Ključne besede: Araneae, sinantropne vrste, Slovenija, favnistika

Abstract. The article presents the record of an adult female golden jackal (Canis aureus) accidentally shot in 2005 near Gornji Grad in the Upper Savinja Valley, Northern Slovenia (UTM VM82, 980 m a.s.l.). Although this individual was most likely a vagrant, it indicates that golden jackals may soon, or perhaps already have, established permanent territories in Slovenia. Further studies are necessary to determine the status and distribution of this protected species in Slovenia, as well as public awareness actions, especially among hunters, in order to avoid additional accidents at hunting.

Key words: carnivores, canids, Canidae, golden jackal, Canis aureus, Slovenia

Izvleček. V prispevku navajava podatke o odrasli samici šakala (Canis aureus), ki je bila leta 2005 pomotoma odstreljena v okolici Gornjega Grada v Zgornjesavinjski dolini (UTM VM82, 980 m n. v.). Najverjetneje je v tem primeru šlo za klateža, vendar nakazujeva možnost, da bi šakali lahko oziroma so že vzpostavili stalne teritorije v Sloveniji. Nujno so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, da se ugotovi status in razširjenost te zavarovane vrste v Sloveniji. Priporočava tudi akcije osveščanja javnosti, še posebej lovcev, ki bi zmanjšale možnosti nadaljnjih morebitnih zmot med lovom.

Ključne besede: zveri, kanidi, Canidae, šakal, Canis aureus, Slovenija

Izvleček. V različnih letnih časih v letih 2005 in 2006 smo vzorčevali alge na petih različnih aerofitskih lokacijah. Za medsebojno primerjavo smo vzorčna mesta izbrali na trhlem lesu, apnenčastih skalah, betonu in prsti. Vzorčili smo na smrekovem štoru (Picea abies) na Jelovici, vlažnih skalah na izviru Šice na Radenskem polju, na vhodu v kraško jamo Huda luknja in v opuščenem železniškem predoru pri jami Huda luknja. Skupno smo nabrali 17 vzorcev alg. Identificirali smo 94 taksonov, ki pripadajo 38 rodovom in štirim razredom alg. Po številu identificiranih taksonov so prevladovale kremenaste alge, sledile so cianobakterije, Chlorophyceae in Xanthophyceae. Razen na smrekovem štoru na Jelovici, kjer so prevladovale Chlorophyceae, so na drugih lokacijah prevladovale Bacillariophyceae. Skupno smo identificirali 20 taksonov, ki doslej še niso bili zabeleženi na območju Slovenije. Rodova Podohedra in Poloidion sta v Sloveniji ugotovljena prvič. Na združbo je vplival tudi tip substrata, ki so ga kolonizirale aerofitske alge.

Ključne besede: alge, aerofitski habitati, jame, smrekov štor, apnenčaste skale

Abstract. In the years 2005 and 2006, algal samples were collected seasonally at five different aerophytic sampling sites. We compared samples from decayed wood stump, limestone rocks, concrete and soil. The samples were collected from a stump of Picea abies on the Jelovica plateau, damp rocks at Šica spring on Radensko polje, karst cave Huda luknja entrance and at the abandoned railway tunnel near Huda luknja cave. Altogether, 17 algal samples were collected. 94 algal taxa from 38 genera and four classes were determined. Most of them belonged to diatoms, followed by cianobacteria, Chlorophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Bacillariophyceae were the predominant group of algae on wet rocks at Šica spring, karst cave Huda luknja entrance and on the abandoned railway tunnel, while the Chloprophyceae were predominant on a stump of Picea abies on the Jelovica plateau. At other localities, Bacillariophyceae prevailed. Altogether, 20 taxa were identified for the first time in Slovenia. The genera Podohedra and Poloidion are new records for Slovenia. The algal community was also influenced by the type of substrate colonized by aerophytic algae.

Key words: algae, aerophytic habitats, caves, Picea abies stump, limestone rocks

Izvleček. Favna metuljev (Lepidoptera) je v Sloveniji še vedno nezadostno raziskana, še posebej metuljčki (Microlepidoptera). Da bi spodbudila redno objavljanje novih in zanimivih najdb redkih vrst metuljev v tej regiji in Sloveniji kot celoti, avtorja postavljata članek kot prvi v seriji objav. Za regiji Štajerska in Koroška je navedeno 42 novih vrst metuljčkov (Microlepidoptera), od tega pet vrst, ki so nove za Slovenijo. Poleg tega so objavljeni podatki za nadaljnjih 17 vrst metuljčkov, katerih najdbe za to regijo so bodisi starejše bodisi nezanesljive. Predstavljeni so tudi zanimivi in pomembni podatki o razširjenosti šestih vrst sovk (Noctuidae), o pojavljanju katerih je v Sloveniji malo znanega.

Ključne besede: Microlepidoptera, sovke, favna, seznam vrst, novi podatki

Abstract. The fauna of Lepidoptera of Slovenia is still poorly known, especially as far as Microlepidoptera are concerned. To encourage regular publishing of new records of rare Lepidoptera species in this region and Slovenia as a whole, the authors consider this contribution as the first in the series. The records from Štajerska and Koroška include information on 42 Microlepidoptera species new to the region with 5 species recorded in Slovenia for the first time. Records of further 17 Microlepidoptera species with no recent or doubtful records are included. Interesting and significant new records for six little known species of noctuid moths (Noctuidae) in Slovenia are also discussed.

Key words: Microlepidoptera, Noctuidae, fauna, species list, new records

Abstract. The European Fish Index (EFI), the Fish Index Austria (FIA) and the German fish-based assessment system (FiBS) were tested using Slovenian fish data. Fish were sampled using electric fishing procedure in small and medium sized rivers of the Danube river basin in the Ecoregion Alps. To test the appropriateness of selected indices, correlations between hydromorphological alteration pressure and fish indices were calculated. Hydromorphological alteration pressure was defined using seven Slovenian hydromorphological quality classes. Correlations were positive and statistically significant in all cases but the coefficient of determination (R2) was very low, not exceeding 0.15. The highest R2 was calculated using FIA without the biomass knockout criterion. Possible reasons for the low R2 values including criteria for the hydromorphological alteration classes, fishery management influence and tested fish indices, are discussed. In addition, appropriateness of the inclusion of allochthonous fish species in the fish-based assessment systems is discussed.

Key words: EFI, Water Framework Directive, hydromorphology, allochthonous species, ecological status, Alps, rivers

Izvleček. S slovenskimi podatki smo testirali Evropski ribji indeks (EFI), Ribji index Avstrija (FIA) in Nemški sistem vrednotenja na podlagi rib (FiBS). Ribe smo vzorčili z elektriko v malih in srednje velikih rekah donavskega porečja ekoregije Alpe. Za preverjanje primernosti izbranih indeksov smo izračunali soodvisnost med razredi hidromorfološke spremenjenosti rek in ribjimi indeksi. Pozitivno in statistično značilno soodvisnost smo ugotovili v vseh primerih, vendar je bil koeficient determinacije (R2) nizek in v nobenem primeru ni presegal 0,15. Najvišji R2 je bil izračunan, ko smo uporabili FIA brez izključitvenega sokriterija. Razpravljamo o možnih vzrokih za nizke vrednosti R2, vključno s kriteriji za razrede hidromorfološke spremenjenosti rek, ribiškim upravljanjem in testiranimi indeksi ter o primernosti upoštevanja tujerodnih vrst v sistemih vrednotenja ekološkega stanja.

Ključne besede: EFI, Vodna direktiva, hidromorfologija, tujerodne vrste, ekološko stanje, Alpe, reke